Supabase API: Complete Developer Guide (2026)

Supabase API: Complete Developer Guide for 2026

Supabase is an open-source Firebase alternative built on PostgreSQL. It provides a full backend-as-a-service stack including a database, authentication, real-time subscriptions, file storage, edge functions, and auto-generated REST and GraphQL APIs. Every Supabase project instantly gets a RESTful API powered by PostgREST that mirrors your database schema.

This guide covers the complete Supabase API surface -- from basic CRUD operations to real-time subscriptions, authentication, and edge functions.

Getting Started

Create a Supabase Project

Sign up at supabase.com.
Click "New Project" and select your organization.
Choose a name, database password, and region.
Wait for the project to provision (about 60 seconds).

Get Your API Credentials

Navigate to Settings > API in your project dashboard:

Credential	Where to Find	Purpose
Project URL	Settings > API	Base URL for all API calls
anon (public) key	Settings > API	Client-side requests (respects RLS)
service_role key	Settings > API	Server-side requests (bypasses RLS)

Important: The anon key is safe to use in client-side code because Row Level Security (RLS) restricts what it can access. The service_role key bypasses RLS entirely and should only be used on the server.

Install the Client Library

# JavaScript / TypeScript
npm install @supabase/supabase-js

# Python
pip install supabase

# Dart / Flutter
flutter pub add supabase_flutter

Initialize the Client

// JavaScript / TypeScript
import { createClient } from '@supabase/supabase-js';

const supabase = createClient(
  'https://your-project-id.supabase.co',
  'your-anon-key'
);

# Python
from supabase import create_client

supabase = create_client(
    "https://your-project-id.supabase.co",
    "your-anon-key"
)

Database API (CRUD Operations)

Supabase auto-generates a REST API from your PostgreSQL schema. Every table, view, and function is accessible through a clean query builder.

Create (INSERT)

// Insert a single row
const { data, error } = await supabase
  .from('products')
  .insert({
    name: 'Wireless Headphones',
    price: 79.99,
    category: 'Electronics',
    in_stock: true
  })
  .select();  // Return the inserted row

// Insert multiple rows
const { data, error } = await supabase
  .from('products')
  .insert([
    { name: 'USB-C Cable', price: 12.99, category: 'Accessories' },
    { name: 'Phone Stand', price: 24.99, category: 'Accessories' },
    { name: 'Webcam HD', price: 49.99, category: 'Electronics' },
  ])
  .select();

Read (SELECT)

// Get all rows
const { data, error } = await supabase
  .from('products')
  .select('*');

// Select specific columns
const { data, error } = await supabase
  .from('products')
  .select('name, price, category');

// Filter results
const { data, error } = await supabase
  .from('products')
  .select('*')
  .eq('category', 'Electronics')
  .gte('price', 50)
  .order('price', { ascending: true })
  .limit(10);

// Join related tables
const { data, error } = await supabase
  .from('orders')
  .select(`
    id,
    created_at,
    total,
    users ( name, email ),
    order_items ( quantity, products ( name, price ) )
  `)
  .eq('status', 'completed');

// Pagination
const { data, error } = await supabase
  .from('products')
  .select('*', { count: 'exact' })
  .range(0, 9);  // First 10 results (0-indexed)

Update

// Update a single row
const { data, error } = await supabase
  .from('products')
  .update({ price: 69.99, in_stock: false })
  .eq('id', 42)
  .select();

// Update multiple rows
const { data, error } = await supabase
  .from('products')
  .update({ in_stock: false })
  .lt('stock_count', 1)
  .select();

Delete

// Delete a row
const { data, error } = await supabase
  .from('products')
  .delete()
  .eq('id', 42);

// Delete with a filter
const { data, error } = await supabase
  .from('sessions')
  .delete()
  .lt('expires_at', new Date().toISOString());

Filter Reference

Method	SQL Equivalent	Example
`.eq()`	`= value`	`.eq('status', 'active')`
`.neq()`	`!= value`	`.neq('role', 'admin')`
`.gt()`	`> value`	`.gt('price', 100)`
`.gte()`	`>= value`	`.gte('age', 18)`
`.lt()`	`< value`	`.lt('stock', 10)`
`.lte()`	`<= value`	`.lte('rating', 3)`
`.like()`	`LIKE pattern`	`.like('name', '%phone%')`
`.ilike()`	`ILIKE pattern`	`.ilike('name', '%Phone%')`
`.is()`	`IS value`	`.is('deleted_at', null)`
`.in()`	`IN (values)`	`.in('status', ['active', 'pending'])`
`.contains()`	`@> value`	`.contains('tags', ['sale'])`
`.textSearch()`	Full text search	`.textSearch('description', 'wireless')`

Authentication API

Supabase Auth supports email/password, magic links, OAuth providers, and phone authentication.

// Email and password
const { data, error } = await supabase.auth.signUp({
  email: 'user@example.com',
  password: 'securepassword123',
  options: {
    data: {
      full_name: 'Jane Smith',
      avatar_url: 'https://example.com/avatar.jpg'
    }
  }
});

// Email and password
const { data, error } = await supabase.auth.signInWithPassword({
  email: 'user@example.com',
  password: 'securepassword123'
});

// OAuth (Google, GitHub, Discord, etc.)
const { data, error } = await supabase.auth.signInWithOAuth({
  provider: 'google',
  options: {
    redirectTo: 'https://yourapp.com/auth/callback'
  }
});

// Magic link (passwordless)
const { data, error } = await supabase.auth.signInWithOtp({
  email: 'user@example.com'
});

Get Current User

const { data: { user } } = await supabase.auth.getUser();
console.log(user.id, user.email);

Sign Out

const { error } = await supabase.auth.signOut();

Realtime API

Subscribe to database changes in real-time using WebSockets:

// Listen for all changes on a table
const channel = supabase
  .channel('orders-changes')
  .on(
    'postgres_changes',
    { event: '*', schema: 'public', table: 'orders' },
    (payload) => {
      console.log('Change received:', payload);
      console.log('Event type:', payload.eventType);  // INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE
      console.log('New data:', payload.new);
      console.log('Old data:', payload.old);
    }
  )
  .subscribe();

// Listen for inserts only, filtered by a column
const channel = supabase
  .channel('new-orders')
  .on(
    'postgres_changes',
    {
      event: 'INSERT',
      schema: 'public',
      table: 'orders',
      filter: 'status=eq.pending'
    },
    (payload) => {
      console.log('New pending order:', payload.new);
    }
  )
  .subscribe();

// Unsubscribe when done
supabase.removeChannel(channel);

Enable Realtime for your table:

-- Run in the Supabase SQL Editor
ALTER PUBLICATION supabase_realtime ADD TABLE orders;

Storage API

Upload, download, and manage files with the Storage API:

// Upload a file
const { data, error } = await supabase.storage
  .from('avatars')
  .upload('user-123/profile.jpg', file, {
    contentType: 'image/jpeg',
    upsert: true
  });

// Get a public URL
const { data } = supabase.storage
  .from('avatars')
  .getPublicUrl('user-123/profile.jpg');

console.log(data.publicUrl);

// Download a file
const { data, error } = await supabase.storage
  .from('documents')
  .download('reports/q1-2026.pdf');

// List files in a folder
const { data, error } = await supabase.storage
  .from('avatars')
  .list('user-123', {
    limit: 100,
    offset: 0,
    sortBy: { column: 'created_at', order: 'desc' }
  });

// Delete a file
const { data, error } = await supabase.storage
  .from('avatars')
  .remove(['user-123/old-profile.jpg']);

Edge Functions

Supabase Edge Functions are serverless TypeScript functions that run on Deno:

Create a function:

supabase functions new hello-world

Write the function:

// supabase/functions/hello-world/index.ts
import { serve } from "https://deno.land/std@0.177.0/http/server.ts";
import { createClient } from "https://esm.sh/@supabase/supabase-js@2";

serve(async (req) => {
  const supabase = createClient(
    Deno.env.get("SUPABASE_URL")!,
    Deno.env.get("SUPABASE_SERVICE_ROLE_KEY")!
  );

  const { data, error } = await supabase
    .from("products")
    .select("*")
    .limit(5);

  return new Response(
    JSON.stringify({ products: data }),
    { headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" } }
  );
});

Deploy and invoke:

# Deploy
supabase functions deploy hello-world

# Invoke from your app
const { data, error } = await supabase.functions.invoke('hello-world', {
  body: { name: 'World' }
});

Row Level Security (RLS)

RLS is critical for securing your API. Without it, anyone with your anon key can read and write all data.

-- Enable RLS on a table
ALTER TABLE products ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;

-- Allow anyone to read products
CREATE POLICY "Public products are viewable by everyone"
ON products FOR SELECT
USING (true);

-- Allow authenticated users to insert their own data
CREATE POLICY "Users can insert their own products"
ON products FOR INSERT
WITH CHECK (auth.uid() = user_id);

-- Allow users to update only their own data
CREATE POLICY "Users can update their own products"
ON products FOR UPDATE
USING (auth.uid() = user_id)
WITH CHECK (auth.uid() = user_id);

-- Allow users to delete only their own data
CREATE POLICY "Users can delete their own products"
ON products FOR DELETE
USING (auth.uid() = user_id);

REST API Without the Client Library

You can call the Supabase REST API directly with cURL or any HTTP client:

# Get all products
curl 'https://your-project-id.supabase.co/rest/v1/products?select=*' \
  -H "apikey: your-anon-key" \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer your-anon-key"

# Insert a product
curl 'https://your-project-id.supabase.co/rest/v1/products' \
  -X POST \
  -H "apikey: your-anon-key" \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer your-anon-key" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -H "Prefer: return=representation" \
  -d '{"name": "New Product", "price": 29.99}'

# Filter and sort
curl 'https://your-project-id.supabase.co/rest/v1/products?category=eq.Electronics&order=price.asc&limit=10' \
  -H "apikey: your-anon-key" \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer your-anon-key"

Conclusion

The Supabase API provides a complete backend stack through a clean, auto-generated interface. The combination of a PostgreSQL database, real-time subscriptions, authentication, storage, and edge functions covers the vast majority of application backend requirements. And because it is built on open-source tools, you avoid vendor lock-in while getting a managed experience.

For applications that need AI-powered media features on top of their Supabase backend -- such as generating product images, creating AI avatars, producing video content, or adding voice synthesis -- Hypereal AI offers pay-as-you-go APIs that integrate seamlessly into any Supabase-powered application.

Supabase API: Complete Developer Guide for 2026

This guide covers the complete Supabase API surface -- from basic CRUD operations to real-time subscriptions, authentication, and edge functions.

Getting Started

Create a Supabase Project

Sign up at supabase.com.
Click "New Project" and select your organization.
Choose a name, database password, and region.
Wait for the project to provision (about 60 seconds).

Get Your API Credentials

Navigate to Settings > API in your project dashboard:

Credential	Where to Find	Purpose
Project URL	Settings > API	Base URL for all API calls
anon (public) key	Settings > API	Client-side requests (respects RLS)
service_role key	Settings > API	Server-side requests (bypasses RLS)

Install the Client Library

# JavaScript / TypeScript
npm install @supabase/supabase-js

# Python
pip install supabase

# Dart / Flutter
flutter pub add supabase_flutter

Initialize the Client

// JavaScript / TypeScript
import { createClient } from '@supabase/supabase-js';

const supabase = createClient(
  'https://your-project-id.supabase.co',
  'your-anon-key'
);

# Python
from supabase import create_client

supabase = create_client(
    "https://your-project-id.supabase.co",
    "your-anon-key"
)

Database API (CRUD Operations)

Supabase auto-generates a REST API from your PostgreSQL schema. Every table, view, and function is accessible through a clean query builder.

Create (INSERT)

// Insert a single row
const { data, error } = await supabase
  .from('products')
  .insert({
    name: 'Wireless Headphones',
    price: 79.99,
    category: 'Electronics',
    in_stock: true
  })
  .select();  // Return the inserted row

// Insert multiple rows
const { data, error } = await supabase
  .from('products')
  .insert([
    { name: 'USB-C Cable', price: 12.99, category: 'Accessories' },
    { name: 'Phone Stand', price: 24.99, category: 'Accessories' },
    { name: 'Webcam HD', price: 49.99, category: 'Electronics' },
  ])
  .select();

Read (SELECT)

// Get all rows
const { data, error } = await supabase
  .from('products')
  .select('*');

// Select specific columns
const { data, error } = await supabase
  .from('products')
  .select('name, price, category');

// Filter results
const { data, error } = await supabase
  .from('products')
  .select('*')
  .eq('category', 'Electronics')
  .gte('price', 50)
  .order('price', { ascending: true })
  .limit(10);

// Join related tables
const { data, error } = await supabase
  .from('orders')
  .select(`
    id,
    created_at,
    total,
    users ( name, email ),
    order_items ( quantity, products ( name, price ) )
  `)
  .eq('status', 'completed');

// Pagination
const { data, error } = await supabase
  .from('products')
  .select('*', { count: 'exact' })
  .range(0, 9);  // First 10 results (0-indexed)

Update

// Update a single row
const { data, error } = await supabase
  .from('products')
  .update({ price: 69.99, in_stock: false })
  .eq('id', 42)
  .select();

// Update multiple rows
const { data, error } = await supabase
  .from('products')
  .update({ in_stock: false })
  .lt('stock_count', 1)
  .select();

Delete

// Delete a row
const { data, error } = await supabase
  .from('products')
  .delete()
  .eq('id', 42);

// Delete with a filter
const { data, error } = await supabase
  .from('sessions')
  .delete()
  .lt('expires_at', new Date().toISOString());

Filter Reference

Method	SQL Equivalent	Example
`.eq()`	`= value`	`.eq('status', 'active')`
`.neq()`	`!= value`	`.neq('role', 'admin')`
`.gt()`	`> value`	`.gt('price', 100)`
`.gte()`	`>= value`	`.gte('age', 18)`
`.lt()`	`< value`	`.lt('stock', 10)`
`.lte()`	`<= value`	`.lte('rating', 3)`
`.like()`	`LIKE pattern`	`.like('name', '%phone%')`
`.ilike()`	`ILIKE pattern`	`.ilike('name', '%Phone%')`
`.is()`	`IS value`	`.is('deleted_at', null)`
`.in()`	`IN (values)`	`.in('status', ['active', 'pending'])`
`.contains()`	`@> value`	`.contains('tags', ['sale'])`
`.textSearch()`	Full text search	`.textSearch('description', 'wireless')`

Authentication API

Supabase Auth supports email/password, magic links, OAuth providers, and phone authentication.

// Email and password
const { data, error } = await supabase.auth.signUp({
  email: 'user@example.com',
  password: 'securepassword123',
  options: {
    data: {
      full_name: 'Jane Smith',
      avatar_url: 'https://example.com/avatar.jpg'
    }
  }
});

// Email and password
const { data, error } = await supabase.auth.signInWithPassword({
  email: 'user@example.com',
  password: 'securepassword123'
});

// OAuth (Google, GitHub, Discord, etc.)
const { data, error } = await supabase.auth.signInWithOAuth({
  provider: 'google',
  options: {
    redirectTo: 'https://yourapp.com/auth/callback'
  }
});

// Magic link (passwordless)
const { data, error } = await supabase.auth.signInWithOtp({
  email: 'user@example.com'
});

Get Current User

const { data: { user } } = await supabase.auth.getUser();
console.log(user.id, user.email);

Sign Out

const { error } = await supabase.auth.signOut();

Realtime API

Subscribe to database changes in real-time using WebSockets:

// Listen for all changes on a table
const channel = supabase
  .channel('orders-changes')
  .on(
    'postgres_changes',
    { event: '*', schema: 'public', table: 'orders' },
    (payload) => {
      console.log('Change received:', payload);
      console.log('Event type:', payload.eventType);  // INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE
      console.log('New data:', payload.new);
      console.log('Old data:', payload.old);
    }
  )
  .subscribe();

// Listen for inserts only, filtered by a column
const channel = supabase
  .channel('new-orders')
  .on(
    'postgres_changes',
    {
      event: 'INSERT',
      schema: 'public',
      table: 'orders',
      filter: 'status=eq.pending'
    },
    (payload) => {
      console.log('New pending order:', payload.new);
    }
  )
  .subscribe();

// Unsubscribe when done
supabase.removeChannel(channel);

Enable Realtime for your table:

-- Run in the Supabase SQL Editor
ALTER PUBLICATION supabase_realtime ADD TABLE orders;

Storage API

Upload, download, and manage files with the Storage API:

// Upload a file
const { data, error } = await supabase.storage
  .from('avatars')
  .upload('user-123/profile.jpg', file, {
    contentType: 'image/jpeg',
    upsert: true
  });

// Get a public URL
const { data } = supabase.storage
  .from('avatars')
  .getPublicUrl('user-123/profile.jpg');

console.log(data.publicUrl);

// Download a file
const { data, error } = await supabase.storage
  .from('documents')
  .download('reports/q1-2026.pdf');

// List files in a folder
const { data, error } = await supabase.storage
  .from('avatars')
  .list('user-123', {
    limit: 100,
    offset: 0,
    sortBy: { column: 'created_at', order: 'desc' }
  });

// Delete a file
const { data, error } = await supabase.storage
  .from('avatars')
  .remove(['user-123/old-profile.jpg']);

Edge Functions

Supabase Edge Functions are serverless TypeScript functions that run on Deno:

Create a function:

supabase functions new hello-world

Write the function:

// supabase/functions/hello-world/index.ts
import { serve } from "https://deno.land/std@0.177.0/http/server.ts";
import { createClient } from "https://esm.sh/@supabase/supabase-js@2";

serve(async (req) => {
  const supabase = createClient(
    Deno.env.get("SUPABASE_URL")!,
    Deno.env.get("SUPABASE_SERVICE_ROLE_KEY")!
  );

  const { data, error } = await supabase
    .from("products")
    .select("*")
    .limit(5);

  return new Response(
    JSON.stringify({ products: data }),
    { headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" } }
  );
});

Deploy and invoke:

# Deploy
supabase functions deploy hello-world

# Invoke from your app
const { data, error } = await supabase.functions.invoke('hello-world', {
  body: { name: 'World' }
});

Row Level Security (RLS)

RLS is critical for securing your API. Without it, anyone with your anon key can read and write all data.

-- Enable RLS on a table
ALTER TABLE products ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;

-- Allow anyone to read products
CREATE POLICY "Public products are viewable by everyone"
ON products FOR SELECT
USING (true);

-- Allow authenticated users to insert their own data
CREATE POLICY "Users can insert their own products"
ON products FOR INSERT
WITH CHECK (auth.uid() = user_id);

-- Allow users to update only their own data
CREATE POLICY "Users can update their own products"
ON products FOR UPDATE
USING (auth.uid() = user_id)
WITH CHECK (auth.uid() = user_id);

-- Allow users to delete only their own data
CREATE POLICY "Users can delete their own products"
ON products FOR DELETE
USING (auth.uid() = user_id);

REST API Without the Client Library

You can call the Supabase REST API directly with cURL or any HTTP client:

# Get all products
curl 'https://your-project-id.supabase.co/rest/v1/products?select=*' \
  -H "apikey: your-anon-key" \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer your-anon-key"

# Insert a product
curl 'https://your-project-id.supabase.co/rest/v1/products' \
  -X POST \
  -H "apikey: your-anon-key" \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer your-anon-key" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -H "Prefer: return=representation" \
  -d '{"name": "New Product", "price": 29.99}'

# Filter and sort
curl 'https://your-project-id.supabase.co/rest/v1/products?category=eq.Electronics&order=price.asc&limit=10' \
  -H "apikey: your-anon-key" \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer your-anon-key"

Hypereal로 구축 시작하기

Supabase API: Complete Developer Guide for 2026

Getting Started

Create a Supabase Project

Get Your API Credentials

Install the Client Library

Initialize the Client

Database API (CRUD Operations)

Create (INSERT)

Read (SELECT)

Update

Delete

Filter Reference

Authentication API

Sign Up

Sign In

Get Current User

Sign Out

Realtime API

Storage API

Edge Functions

Row Level Security (RLS)

REST API Without the Client Library

Conclusion

관련 아티클

Kling 2.5 API 활용 가이드: AI 영상 생성 주요 사용 사례

Kling 3.0 API 활용 가이드: 네이티브 4K AI 영상 생성 주요 사용 사례

Kling Motion API 활용 가이드: AI 모션 전송 주요 사용 사례

지금 바로 개발을 시작하세요

Hypereal로 구축 시작하기

Supabase API: Complete Developer Guide for 2026

Getting Started

Create a Supabase Project

Get Your API Credentials

Install the Client Library

Initialize the Client

Database API (CRUD Operations)

Create (INSERT)

Read (SELECT)

Update

Delete

Filter Reference

Authentication API

Sign Up

Sign In

Get Current User

Sign Out

Realtime API

Storage API

Edge Functions

Row Level Security (RLS)

REST API Without the Client Library

Conclusion

관련 아티클

Kling 2.5 API 활용 가이드: AI 영상 생성 주요 사용 사례

Kling 3.0 API 활용 가이드: 네이티브 4K AI 영상 생성 주요 사용 사례

Kling Motion API 활용 가이드: AI 모션 전송 주요 사용 사례

지금 바로 개발을 시작하세요